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Characteristics of Financial Statements
The first is easy to understand (understandability).
This means that the essential qualities are accommodated in the financial statements must be understood by the user. For this purpose, the user is assumed to have adequate knowledge of economic activity and business, accounting, and a willingness to study with reasonable diligence.
Relevant (relevance).
Relevant information must be presented in these financial statements, in accordance with the actions to be performed by users. Or in other words, the ability of the relevant information is to influence the decisions of managers or other users of financial statements so that the existence of information can change or support their expectations about the results or consequences of the decision.
Reliability (reliability).
Reliability is the quality of the information in financial statements that caused users of accounting information is highly dependent on the accuracy of the information generated. Reliability of the information depends on the ability of an information fair to describe the situation / event in accordance with actual conditions.
The last is to be compared (comparability).
A financial statement can be compared to each other when the information is well comparable between periods and among companies. The financial statements have an important role for many parties, so that the timeliness of financial reporting is needed. (Baridwan)
Healthy | Smart | Rich, at: 3/13/2012
Financial Reporting Scandals
The practitioners regard this behavior as a fraud because it is consciously done by the company manager, so the stakeholders who want to know the economic condition of the company are deceived and obtain information that is not in accordance with the conditions of the company. This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of board size, proportion of independent commissioners, audit committees, auditor reputation, firm size, and growth of the company against the practice of earnings management.
The population of this study used the entire banking sector companies listed on the Stock Exchange as many as 22 companies in 2006-2008. Sampling was conducted with a purposive sampling technique. With the sampling method, it is found samples as many as 13 companies that were used in this study. This study used secondary data of financial statements and financial data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) in 2006-2008 period. This study used the independent variables (board size, proportion of independent commissioners, audit committees, auditor reputation, firm size, and growth companies) and the dependent variable (earnings management). The method of analysis that was used to test the independent variables influence the dependent variable is the multiple regression. Effect of hypothesis tested F-test and t-test with a significance level of 5 percent.
The results show that (1) board size has negative effect and it is not significant against earnings management (2) the proportion of independent commissioners has negative effect and it is not significant against earnings management (3) audit committee has positive effect and it is significant against earnings management (4) auditor reputation has negative effect and it is not significant against earnings management (5) size of the company'shas positive effect and it is significant against earnings management (6) the company's growth has negative effect and it is not significant against earnings management. (by: I Gusti Ayu PS).
Healthy | Smart | Rich, at: 3/09/2012
Human Resources
Human resources as being important for the company is a factor that has contributed greatly to the next performance. Human resources is defined as an employee of a company and are believed by the company's executive manager in carrying out the task activity. The Company has a good chance to survive and advance if the employee has the power and capability, so that companies desperately need employees. Instead, employees need the company as a place to earn money for their life. People must work to support their life.
Therefore, employees receive a salary in accordance with the quality of his work. An employee should receive a reasonable salary. Salary issue may be a complex problem of the personality management and it is one of the most significant aspects, for the employees and the company. Salaries are the achievements for employees for their workforce in the company's activities. Salary is a form of compensation for their performance who are financially led to job satisfaction. According to T. Hani Handoko, compensation is a payment for the employee as remuneration for their work performed as a motivator and activities implementation .
Employees will be satisfied if the amount of their salary is according with their expertise and their positions. They will be encouraged to work according to their maximum ability. Salaries have significance for the employees because the salary reflects the value of their work among their respective employees, families and communities. Absolutely, income levels of employees will determine their scale of life, and it will show the relative income status, dignity and pride. Consequently, if employees only pay attention to the inadequate salaries, their work performance, morale, and motivation can go down.
Generally, the personnel department is responsible for designing and managing the employee's salary, so the company should have a good payroll system. Payroll system must be managed professionally to avoid manipulation of the salary by certain individual. If the payroll system are not in accordance with established procedures, it will lead to disappointment employee, it can decrease of employee productivity. The fact is we often see a demonstration of the workers to demand higher wages and improved their welfare.
Healthy | Smart | Rich, at: 3/09/2012
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